Empire of Japan: 3.4 million were produced during World War II.
Indonesia: Captured Japanese weapons after Japan's World War II surrender and used them in the Indonesian Independence War.Estonia: Ex-Russian stock used in the Estonian War of Independence, later, 24,000 Type 38s were converted to the KL.People's Republic of China: In service during the Chinese Civil War and the Korean War.Burma: used by the anti-British Burmese Independence Army.Total 24,000 rifles were rebored during 1929-1934. 303 British cartridge, intended for usage by second line troops of the Estonian Defence League. In what is now Shenyang) arsenal from 1937 to 1944: 148,800 units (est.) Įstonian conversion of standard Type 38 to. Hoten (was called Mukden Arsenal before the Japanese took it over.Jinsen (in what is now Incheon) arsenal from 1942 to 1942: 13,400 units (est.).The weapon was produced in several locations: A dust cover was added because of experiences in the Russo-Japanese War that left rifles inoperable from dust. Nambu reduced the number of parts making up the Type 30's bolt from nine to six and at that same time simplified manufacture and disassembly of the bolt without the need for tools. Major Kijiro Nambu undertook a redesign of the Type 30, which was introduced in 1906. These included bursting cartridges, a poorly designed lock in which excess gunpowder tended to accumulate, burning the face of the shooter, frequent misfires, jamming, difficulty in cleaning, and cartridge extraction. However, the weapon had numerous shortcomings, which were highlighted by combat experience in the early stages of the Russo-Japanese War. The Imperial Japanese Army introduced the Type 30 rifle in 1897.
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